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it,one,ones,that,those 的区别⽤法 为使表达简洁明了,我们常⽤ it , one , ones , that , those 等替代词来替代前⾯已经出现的名词。从近⼏年的⾼考英语情况 来看,考查替代词的⽤法和区别⼀直是⼀个热点。本⽂拟就以上⼏个最重要的替代词的⽤法作⼀⼩结,同时为同学们归纳⼀些 使⽤技巧,希望对⼤家有所帮助。
⼀、替代表泛指的单数名词
替代表泛指的单数名词,通常⽤ one 。如:
Two heads are better than one. 两⼈智慧胜⼀⼈。
I lost my old camera; this is a new one. 我的旧相机丢了,这是⼀架新的。
Did you get a ticket?—Yes , I managed to get one. 你搞到票了吗 ?—— 是的,我设法搞到了⼀张。 注:若 one 前没有形容词的修饰,则其前不能有不定冠词。⽐较:
I’m looking for a flat. I’d like a small one with a garden. 我正在找⼀套公寓,想找⼀套⼩的带花园的。
I’m looking for a flat. I’d like one with a garden. 我正在找⼀套公寓,想找⼀套带花园的。(不能说: ... a one with a garden. ) 没有形容词修饰的 one 前不能⽤不定冠词,但可⽤ another 。如:
This pen doesn’t work. I must buy another one. 这⽀钢笔坏了,我要另买⼀⽀了。 另外,注意它与表特指的 it 的区别。如:
Can you lend me a pen?—Sorry. I haven’t got one. 你能借给我⼀⽀钢笔吗 ?—— 对不起,我没有钢笔。
Can I borrow your pen?—Sorry , I’m using it. 我能借⽤你的钢笔吗 ?—— 对不起,我⾃⼰正在⽤。
⼆、替代表特指的单数名词
替代表特指的单数名词,可⽤ it , that , the one 。三者的区别是:
1. 替代单数可数名词时,三者均可⽤;替代不可数名词时,不能⽤ the one ,⽽要⽤ it 或 that 。此时 it 与 that 的区别是: 表⽰同⼀事物时,⽤ it ;表⽰同类事物时,⽤ that 或 the one 。如:
The weather here is too cold. I don’t like it. 这⼉的天⽓太冷了,我不喜欢这⼉的天⽓。( it 在此指前⾯提到的 the weather )
The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Guangzhou. 北京的天⽓⽐⼴州冷。( that 在此指代的天⽓与前⾯提到的天⽓ 为同类)
My uncle bought me a dictionary and I like it very much. 我叔叔给我买了⼀本词典,我⾮常喜欢它。( it 在此就是指前⾯ 提到的叔叔给我买的词典)
Your dictionary is more useful than the one my uncle gave me. 你这本词典⽐我叔叔给我的那本词典更有⽤。( the one 在此表⽰与前⾯提到的词典为同类)
2. 替代事物时,三者均可⽤;替代⼈时,只能⽤ the one 。如:
Who is her husband?—The one by the window. 哪位是她的丈夫? —— 窗户边的那⼀位。 注:当要替代性别不明的婴⼉时可⽤ it 。
3. 当有前置定语修饰时,只能⽤ the one 。如:
Which do you want?—The red one. 你想要哪个 ?—— 那个红的。
She would rather have the small one than the large one. 她宁愿要⼩的,不要⼤的。
4. 当有后置定语修饰时,通常⽤ the one 。如:
My room is better than the one next door. 我的房间⽐隔壁房间好。
He said he would have the one near him. 他说要靠近他的那⼀个。
Is that the one that was published recently? 是最近出版的那⼀种吗 ?
Here are six rings. Pick out the one you like best. 这⾥有六枚戒指,选出你最喜欢的⼀枚。 但是,若后置定语为 of 引起的介词短语,则通常⽤ that 。如:
The population of China is much larger than that of Japan. 中国⼈⼝⽐⽇本⼈⼝多得多。
A grandparent’s job is easier than that of a parent. 祖⽗母的任务⽐⽗母的任务要轻松⼀些。
三、替代表泛指的复数名词
替代表泛指的复数名词,通常⽤ ones 。如:
Hard beds are healthier than soft ones. 硬板床⽐软床有利于健康。
Green apples often taste better than red ones. 青苹果往往⽐红苹果好吃。
We can lend you plastic chairs or metal ones. 我们可以借给你塑料椅⼦或者⾦属椅⼦。
These chairs have the great advantage of being much cheaper than conventional ones. 这些椅⼦具有⽐普通椅⼦便宜得 多的优势。
四、替代表特指的复数名词
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